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1.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 95(6): 713-719, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056665

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the epidemiology and clinical features of acute pancreatitis and recurrent acute pancreatitis in children. Methods: Observational and retrospective study with an analytical component. Patients were classified into two groups: Acute pancreatitis and recurrent pancreatitis. The relationship with each parameter obtained was analyzed using the chi-squared test, Student's t-test, or the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: There were 130 patients with acute pancreatitis; recurrent pancreatitis was diagnosed in 23.8% of the cases. The most frequent causes were anatomical (29.6%), pharmacological (19.2%), and biliary (14.6%), although in 29.2% etiology was not identified. Fasting lasted 3.5 ± 3.8 days and parenteral nutrition was indicated in 26.9% of the cases for 10.8 ± 11.3 days. A statistical association with anatomical (p = 0.02) and pharmacological causes (p = 0.01) was found in the recurrent pancreatitis group; no other differences between acute pancreatitis and recurrent pancreatitis groups were observed. The mortality rate was 3.1%, it was not attributable to acute pancreatitis in any cases. Conclusion: Acute pancreatitis is associated with a high frequency of acute recurrent pancreatitis. Severity and complications did not show statistically significant differences in this investigation. Anatomical etiologies were the most relevant cause in this cohort. Fasting time and parenteral nutrition use were relevant. Genetics testing is required in this population.


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a epidemiologia e as características clínicas da pancreatite aguda e da pancreatite aguda recorrente em crianças. Métodos: Estudo observacional e retrospectivo com um componente analítico. Os pacientes foram classificados em dois grupos: pancreatite aguda e pancreatite recorrente. A relação com cada parâmetro obtido foi analisada com o teste de qui-quadrado, teste t de Student ou teste U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Foram analisados 130 pacientes com pancreatite aguda; pancreatite recorrente foi diagnosticada em 23,8% dos casos. As causas mais frequentes foram anatômicas (29,6%), farmacológicas (19,2%) e biliares (14,6%), embora em 29,2% a etiologia não tenha sido identificada. O jejum durou 3,5 ± 3,8 dias e a nutrição parenteral foi indicada em 26,9% dos casos por 10,8 ± 11,3 dias. Uma associação estatística com causas anatômicas (p = 0,02) e farmacológicas (p = 0,01) foi encontrada no grupo com pancreatite recorrente; não foram observadas outras diferenças entre os grupos pancreatite aguda e pancreatite recorrente. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 3,1% e nenhum caso foi atribuível à pancreatite aguda. Conclusão: A pancreatite aguda está associada à alta frequência de pancreatite aguda recorrente. A gravidade e as complicações não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas nesta investigação. Etiologias anatômicas foram a causa mais relevante nesta coorte. O tempo de jejum e o uso de nutrição parenteral foram relevantes. Testes genéticos são necessários em nossas populações.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Pancreatitis/etiology , Pancreatitis/epidemiology , Pancreatitis/diagnosis , Pancreatitis/therapy , Recurrence , Comorbidity , Acute Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Fasting , Parenteral Nutrition , Colombia/epidemiology
2.
Entramado ; 15(2): 202-215, July-Dec. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1090235

ABSTRACT

Resumen El presente artículo expone la influencia del neoliberalismo en la narrativa de nación en empresarios y ejecutivos pertenecientes a diversos gremios empresariales de Lima. Esta la investigación nace de la necesidad de estudiar a los sectores más privilegiados desde la antropología porque ayuda a entender como en las sociedades latinoamericanas se ejerce el poder De esa forma, la justificación de este estudio es promover una agenda de investigación desde la antropología sobre los sectores que tienen los mayores privilegios en las sociedades latinoamericanas. Este artículo, entonces, se inspira en las investigaciones sobre la "la clase alta argentina" (Gessaghi, 2015) y busca promoverlo dentro de otros países. En el Perú, han sido muy pocos los trabajos desde una perspectiva antropológica han estudiado sobre la elites económicas y este tiene la finalidad de promover un debate que había sido dejado de lado en los últimos 40 años (Cotler 1978).


Abstract This article presents the influence of neoliberalism in the narrative of nation in businessmen and executives belonging to various business associations of Lima. This research stems from the need to study the most privileged sectors from anthropology because it helps to understand how in Latin American society's power is exercised. In this way, the justification for this information is to promote a research agenda from anthropology on the sectors that have the greatest privileges in Latin American societies. This article, then, is inspired by the works on the "Argentine upper class" (Gessaghi, 2015) and seeks to promote it within other countries. In Peru, there have been very few works from an anthropological perspective that have worked on the economic elite and this seeks to promote a debate that had been left aside in the last 40 years (Cotler; 1978).


Resumo Este artigo expõe a influência do neoliberalismo na narrativa da nação em empresários e executivos pertencentes a várias associações empresariais em Lima. Esta pesquisa é a necessidade de estudar os setores mais privilegiados da antropologia, pois ajuda a entender como é exercido o poder nas sociedades latino-americanas. Assim, a justificativa para este estudo é promover uma agenda de pesquisa da antropologia nos setores que têm os maiores privilégios nas sociedades latino-americanas. Este artigo, então, é inspirado em pesquisas sobre a "classe alta argentina" (Gessaghi, 2015) e procura promovê-lo em outros países. No Peru, existem muito poucos trabalhos sob uma perspectiva antropológica, eles estudaram elites econômicas e esta tem a política de promover um debate que foi negligenciado nos últimos 40 anos (Cotler 1978).

3.
Salud ment ; 41(5): 203-206, Sep.-Oct. 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-979124
4.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 46(4): 279-285, 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-978208

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Quality assessment of anesthetic recovery requires patient-centered measurements such as satisfaction. In Colombia, a validated Quality of Recovery Scale (QRS), which includes the perspective of the user, was applied in the Post-anaesthetic Care Unit of Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana (HUS) in the city of Bogotá. Objectives: To determine patient satisfaction with postoperative care for 11 specialties at HUS as a quality indicator of postanesthetic recovery, and to assess the internal consistencyor validity of the QRS applied in a high-complexity hospital. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study which included patients of the HUS postanesthetic care unit. A population size of 379 patients was estimated, with a final sample of 154. Following the application of the QRS, bivariate analyses were performed using control variables and clinical characteristics. In addition, internal consistency was analyzed using Chronbach's Alpha and Spearman's Rho. Results: Overall, 154 patients were analyzed, 48.7% females and 51.3% males. Median age was 52 years (interquartile range: 35-64); 91.56% belong to the subsidized health insurance regime, and 8.44% to the contributive regime. Of the total number of patients surveyed, 7.14% are satisfied with the quality of recovery (QRS> 56). Internal consistency is high (Cronbach's Alpha=0.854) and interitem correlation is average (Rho=0.295). Conclusion: The test is highly reliable, allowing to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the postanesthetic service at HUS. This input contributes to decision-making and to the selection of strategies for improving the quality of recovery in high-complexity patients.


Resumen Introducción: La evaluación de la calidad en la recuperación requiere mediciones centradas en el paciente como la satisfacción. En Colombia, se validó la escala CdR que incluye la perspectiva del usuario, el cual fue aplicado en la Unidad de Cuidados Post-anestésicos del Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana (HUS) de la ciudad de Bogotá. Objetivos: Determinar la satisfacción de los pacientes en cuidado post-operatorio del HUS como indicador de calidad de la recuperación post-anestésica, así como, evaluar la consistencia interna y validez de la escala CdR en 11 especialidades aplicada en un hospital de alta complejidad. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal que incluyó pacientes de la Unidad de Cuidados Post-anestésicos del HUS. Se estimó un tamaño poblacional de 379 pacientes, con una muestra final de 154. Se aplicó la escala CdR, posteriormente, se realizaron análisis bivariados con las variables de control y las características clínicas. Adicionalmente, se analizó la consistencia interna con el Alpha de Cronbach y el rho de Spearman. Resultados: Se analizaron 154 pacientes, 48.7% son mujeres y 51.3% son hombres. La mediana de la edad fue 52 años (RIQ: 3564). 91.56% pertenecen al régimen subsidiado y 8.44% al contributivo. Del total de encuestados el 7,14% de los pacientes están satisfechos con la calidad de la recuperación (puntaje >56 de CdR). La consistencia interna es alta (Alpha de Cronbach=0,854) y una correlación inter-ítem promedio (rho = 0,295). Conclusiones: La prueba tiene una alta confiabilidad, lo que permite identificar las fortalezas y debilidades en la prestación del servicio en cuidados post-anestésicos del HUS, siendo un insumo que permite tomar decisiones y generar estrategias para mejorar la calidad en la recuperación de los pacientes de alta complejidad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Patient Satisfaction , Patient Preference , Postoperative Care , Hospitals , Indicators and Reagents , Anesthetics
5.
Salud pública Méx ; 59(2): 154-164, mar.-abr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-846069

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Estimar la cobertura efectiva (CE) del tratamiento de hipertensión arterial (HTA) en adultos mexicanos en 2012 y compararla con lo reportado en 2006. Material y métodos: Se analizó la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012. Se estimó la población que necesita recibir atención, la población que utiliza los servicios dado que los necesita, y la recuperación de su salud por recibir el tratamiento. La CE del tratamiento de la HT se estimó empleado variables instrumentales. Resultados: En 2012, la CE nacional del tratamiento de HTA fue 28.3% (IC95% 26.5-30.1), variando entre 19.3% (15.3-23.4) en Michoacán hasta 39.7% (25.3-54.0) en el Estado de México. De 2006 a 2012 la CE aumentó 22.5%. Conclusión: La CE del tratamiento de la HTA es baja y heterogénea. El empleo de indicadores sintéticos debiera ser un ejercicio cotidiano de medición, pues informan de manera resumida el desempeño de los sistemas estatales de salud.


Abstract: Objective: To estimate the effective coverage (EC) of treatment of hypertension (HT) in Mexican adults in 2012 and compared with those reported in 2006. Materials and methods: The National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 was analyzed. The EC has three dimensions: health need as prevalence of HT, utilization of health services when the need is real and quality as recovering health after the treatment. The EC of treatment of HT was estimated using instrumental variables. Results: In 2012, the EC national of treatment of HT was 28.3% (95%CI 26.5-30.1), ranging from Michoacan with 19.3% (15.3-23.4) to State of Mexico with 39.7% in (25.3-54.0). From 2006 to 2012 the national EC increased 22.5%. Conclusion: The EC treatment of hypertension is low and heterogeneous. The use of synthetic indicators should be a daily exercise of measurement, because report summarizes the performance of state health systems.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Insurance Coverage , Hypertension/drug therapy , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Social Security , Prevalence , Health Surveys , Drug Utilization , Geography, Medical , Hypertension/epidemiology , Mexico/epidemiology
6.
An. bras. dermatol ; 92(2): 260-262, Mar.-Apr. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838038

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Lips are structures that play an essential role in aesthetics and in different functions such as nutrition and speech. The complex anatomy of the lips – with three different layers composed of skin, mucosa, and muscles – makes surgical management of this area a therapeutic challenge. The use of flaps for the reconstruction of large defects with low risk of necrosis is possible given the abundant blood supply of the lips. We report a case of surgical reconstruction of the lower lip after the excision of a severe squamous cell carcinoma using a skin-mucosa Abbe-Estlander flap with a satisfactory final outcome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Surgical Flaps/surgery , Lip Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Lip/surgery , Esthetics , Mucous Membrane
7.
Salud pública Méx ; 58(5): 543-552, sep.-oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-830833

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Mostrar que el régimen administrativo de hospitales de especialidad influye en la eficiencia de los procesos administrativos para operar el Fondo de Protección contra Gastos Catastróficos (FPGC), para la atención de cáncer de mama, cáncer cérvicouterino y leucemia linfoblástica aguda. Material y métodos: La variable para estimar la eficiencia del proceso administrativo fue el tiempo entre la notificación del caso y el reembolso. Para su estimación se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con actores clave involucrados en la gestión de casos financiados por el FPGC. Se organizó también un grupo de expertos para emitir recomendaciones de mejora. Resultados: Los hospitales de especialidad con un esquema descentralizado mostraron menor tiempo en el proceso administrativo en contraste con el modelo administrado por los Servicios Estatales de Salud, donde los tiempos fueron mayores y donde hubo mayores niveles de intermediación. Conclusiones: El modelo de hospitales especializados con un esquema descentralizado es más eficiente debido a que tiene mayor autonomía.


Abstract: Objective: To show that the administrative regime of specialized hospitals has some influence on the administrative processes to operate the Mexican Fund for Catastrophic Expenditures in Health (FPGC, in Spanish), for providing health care to breast cancer, cervical cancer and child leukemia. Materials and methods: The variable for estimating administrative efficiency was the time estimated from case notification to reimbursement. For its estimation, semistructured interviews were applied to key actors involved in management of cancer care financed by FPGC. Additionally, a group of experts was organized to make recommendations for improving processes. Results: Specialized hospitals with a decentralized scheme showed less time to solve the administrative process in comparison with the model on the hospitals dependent on State Health Services, where timing and intermediation levels were higher. Conclusions: Decentralized hospitals administrative scheme for specialized care is more efficient, because they tend to be more autonomous.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Health Facility Administrators , Insurance, Major Medical , Politics , Reimbursement Mechanisms , Cancer Care Facilities/organization & administration , Interviews as Topic , Efficiency, Organizational , Health Services Accessibility , Hospitals, Special/organization & administration , Mexico , Models, Theoretical , National Health Programs , Neoplasms/economics , Neoplasms/therapy
8.
Salud pública Méx ; 58(5): 533-542, sep.-oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-830830

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar indicadores de eficiencia de los recursos humanos (RH) de la Secretaría de Salud de México. Material y métodos: Utilizando información secundaria se exploraron tres dimensiones de eficiencia: a) desperdicio de fuerza laboral, b) distribución de RH entre niveles de atención, y c) productividad. Resultados: El grupo de trabajadores de salud analizado se caracteriza por presentar niveles importantes de desempleo y subempleo de RH, una distribución distante de las recomendaciones internacionales y niveles de producción heterogéneos entre los estados. Conclusiones: Es imperativo diseñar e implementar un plan de RH en salud alineado a las necesidades y demandas de las poblaciones cubiertas que contemple medidas regulatorias del mercado de formación de estos recursos, su distribución entre y al interior de los sistemas estatales de salud y la generación de incentivos para el desempeño.


Abstract: Objective: To analyze efficiency indicators of human resources working at Mexico's Ministry of Health. Materials and methods: Three dimensions of efficiency were explored: a) labor wastage, b) distribution of human resources (HR) across levels of care, and c) productivity. Results: Health workers present significant levels of unemployment and underemployment; distribution does not meet international recommendations, and heterogeneous levels of productivity were found among states. Conclusions: Health and educational authorities should develop and implement a HR plan that takes into consideration the needs and demands of the covered population, and includes a clearly defined set of measures to regulate the future production of HR as well as their distribution among and within state health systems, and that allocates incentives to improve performance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Staff Development , Health Resources/organization & administration , Office Visits/statistics & numerical data , Unemployment , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Efficiency , Geography, Medical , Forecasting , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Needs and Demand , Mexico
9.
Salud pública Méx ; 58(2): 118-131, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-792996

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Objective: To analyze mortality and incidence for 28 cancers by deprivation status, age and sex from 1990 to 2013. Materials and methods: The data and methodological approaches provided by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2013) were used. Results: Trends from 1990 to 2013 show important changes in cancer epidemiology in Mexico. While some cancers show a decreasing trend in incidence and mortality (lung, cervical) others emerge as relevant health priorities (prostate, breast, stomach, colorectal and liver cancer). Age standardized incidence and mortality rates for all cancers are higher in the northern states while the central states show a decreasing trend in the mortality rate. The analysis show that infection related cancers like cervical or liver cancer play a bigger role in more deprived states and that cancers with risk factors related to lifestyle like colorectal cancer are more common in less marginalized states. Conclusions: The burden of cancer in Mexico shows complex regional patterns by age, sex, types of cancer and deprivation status. Creation of a national cancer registry is crucial.


Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia y la mortalidad de 28 tipos de cáncer por nivel de marginación, grupos de edad y sexo, de 1990 a 2013. Material y métodos: Los datos utilizados provienen del estudio de la Carga Global de Enfermedades (2013). Las entidades federativas se clasificaron de acuerdo con el índice de marginación del Consejo Nacional de Población. Resultados: Los datos muestran una tendencia decreciente para algunos cánceres (pulmón y cervical), mientras otros aparecen como prioritarios y relevantes (próstata, mama, estómago, colon e hígado). En el norte se observan incrementos regionales mayores en las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad estandarizadas por edad, mientras que en los estados del centro se observa una tendencia decreciente de la tasa de mortalidad. Conclusiones: La epidemiología del cáncer en México (en su mayoría basada en datos de mortalidad) presentan patrones regionales complejos por edad, sexo, tipo de cáncer e índice de marginación. Es vital la creación de un registro nacional para mejorar el seguimiento y evaluación de intervenciones preventivas y curativas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Organ Specificity , Risk Factors , Morbidity/trends , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Social Marginalization , Geography, Medical , Mexico/epidemiology
10.
Salud pública Méx ; 57(supl.2): s119-s126, 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-762075

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Describir la distribución de la mortalidad por sida (2008-2012) en usuarios de unidades de atención de la Secretaría de Salud de México, en el Sistema de Administración, Logística y Vigilancia de Antirretrovirales (SALVAR). Material y métodos. Análisis descriptivo del tipo de mortalidad y el perfil clínico y sociodemográfico relacionado, de 41847 pacientes registrados en el SALVAR. Resultados. Se identificaron 3195 (8.1%) pacientes que fallecieron en el periodo de estudio, de los cuales 59% murió durante los primeros seis meses de seguimiento en el sistema. De éstos, 87.3% fue diagnosticado de manera tardía de acuerdo con su nivel de CD4 inicial (CD4<200 cel/ml³). Conclusión. Los hallazgos resaltan la importancia de fortalecer los programas de detección oportuna y la vinculación efectiva al tratamiento de las personas VIH positivas, como un componente fundamental de la política de acceso universal a tratamiento antirretroviral en México.


Objective. To describe the distribution of AIDS-related mortality according to the time of occurrence since entry to the System for the Administration, Logistics and Surveillance of Antiretrovirals (SALVAR, in Spanish), among users of Ministry of Health facilities in Mexico. Materials and methods. Descriptive analysis of AIDS mortality and the related clinical and demographic profile of 41847 patients registered in SALVAR. Results. 3195 patients (8.1%) died within the study period, 59% of these deaths occurred within six months after treatment initiation. Among those patients, 87.3% were diagnosed late, given their CD4 levels (CD4cel<200 cel/ml³). Conclusion. Our results underscore the need to strengthen programs aimed to increase opportune HIV diagnosis and linkage to care, as a key component of universal access policy to antiretroviral treatment in Mexico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/mortality , Mortality, Premature/trends , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Registries , Retrospective Studies , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Universal Health Insurance , Delayed Diagnosis , Social Determinants of Health , Ambulatory Care Facilities , Health Services Accessibility , Health Services Needs and Demand , Mexico/epidemiology , National Health Programs
11.
Salud pública Méx ; 57(supl.2): s142-s152, 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-762078

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Identificar y reasignar defunciones mal clasificadas por sida en México, y reconstruir la mortalidad 1983-2012, por entidad federativa, sexo, edad y derechohabiencia a la seguridad social. Material y métodos. Se analizaron 15.5 millones de defunciones de 1979 a 2012. La corrección de la mortalidad por sida se hizo en tres fases: a) por causas directamente relacionadas con sida, y b) por muertes mal codificadas; c) muertes por sida ocultas en otras causas. Se calcularon tasas estandarizadas por edad de mortalidad (TEM) por sexo, derechohabiencia a la seguridad social y entidad federativa. Resultados. Se acumularon 107981 muertes por sida entre 1983 y 2012 (11% más del total de muertes observadas). La TEM en hombres, para todos los grupos de edad, empieza a descender desde 1996, mientras que para las mujeres la caída inicia en 2008. Un panorama similar se observa para la población con/sin seguridad social. La heterogeneidad caracteriza la TEM estatal. Conclusión. Se presenta una metodología fácilmente replicable para la corrección de la mortalidad de sida que genera información relevante para la toma de decisiones fundamentada en la evidencia.


Objective. To identify and reassign misclassified AIDS deaths in Mexico, reconstructing the time series of mortality from 1983 to 2012, by state, sex, age, and affiliation to social security. Materials and methods. 15.5 million deaths from 1979 to 2012 were analyzed. The HIV-AIDS mortality correction was done in three phases: a) those causes directly related to AIDS; b) by miscoded deaths, and c) AIDS deaths hidden in other underlying causes of death. Age-standardized rates of mortality (SMR) were calculated by sex, affiliation to social security, and state. Results. 107 981 AIDS deaths from 1983 to 2012 were accumulated, representing 11% of total deaths observed for the period. The SMR in men for all age groups begins to decline since 1996, while for women the decline started in 2008. A similar picture is observed for the population with / without social security. Heterogeneity is a feature for SMR by state. Conclusion. An easily replicable methodology for the correction of mortality from AIDS, which generates relevant information for decision making based on the evidence is presented.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , HIV Infections/mortality , International Classification of Diseases , Social Security , Comorbidity , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Mortality/trends , Cause of Death , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/mortality , Medically Uninsured , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/mortality , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Diagnostic Errors , Mexico/epidemiology
12.
Salud pública Méx ; 57(supl.2): s153-s162, 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-762079

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Documentar la asociación entre factores de la oferta de servicios de atención de VIH sobre la mortalidad por sida en México en el periodo 2008-2013. Material y métodos. Se analizaron datos del sistema de administración, logística y vigilancia de antirretrovirales (SALVAR) y de una encuesta aplicada en unidades de atención. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logit multivariados para estimar la asociación entre características de la oferta de servicios -en particular, de la gerencia de servicios y de la capacitación y experiencia de los prestadores- y la mortalidad por sida, distinguiendo entre mortalidad temprana y no temprana, y controlando por características clínicas de los pacientes. Resultados. Las características clínicas de los pacientes (CD4 inicial y carga viral) explican 44.4% de la variabilidad en la mortalidad temprana entre clínicas y 13.8% de la variabilidad de mortalidad no temprana. Las características de la oferta aumentan 16% del poder explicativo en el caso de la mortalidad temprana y 96% en el de la mortalidad no temprana. Conclusiones. Los aspectos de gerencia e implementación de los servicios de atención de VIH contribuyen significativamente a explicar la mortalidad por sida en México. Mejorar estos aspectos del programa nacional puede mejorar sus resultados.


Objective. To document the association between supply-side determinants and AIDS mortality in Mexico between 2008 and 2013. Materials and methods. We analyzed the SALVAR database (system for antiretroviral management, logistics and surveillance) as well as data collected through a nationally representative survey in health facilities. We used multivariate logit regression models to estimate the association between supply-side characteristics, namely management, training and experience of health care providers, and AIDS mortality, distinguishing early and non-early mortality and controlling for clinical indicators of the patients. Results. Clinic status of the patients (initial CD4 and viral load) explain 44.4% of the variability of early mortality across clinics and 13.8% of the variability in non-early mortality. Supply-side characteristics increase explanatory power of the models by 16% in the case of early mortality, and 96% in the case of non-early mortality. Conclusions. Aspects of management and implementation of services contribute significantly to explain AIDS mortality in Mexico. Improving these aspects of the national program, can similarly improve its results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Health Services Administration/economics , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/mortality , Health Services/supply & distribution , Health Services Accessibility/economics , Algorithms , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Logistic Models , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/economics , Models, Economic , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Continuity of Patient Care , Anti-HIV Agents/supply & distribution , Viral Load , Mortality, Premature , Ambulatory Care Facilities/economics , Mexico/epidemiology , National Health Programs/economics
13.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 13(4): 344-350, jul. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-785452

ABSTRACT

Members of the family Cyperaceae such as Cyperus alopecuroides, Cyperus articulatus, Cyperus scariosus and Cyperus rotundus possess significant amount of studies about their antioxidant activities and other properties. Nevertheless, the plant Cyperus digitatus belonging to the genus Cyperus lacks of studied about any kind of intrinsic activity. Different extracts and fractions were obtained from the rhizomes of Cyperus digitatus, and a Phytochemical screening and the content of phenols and flavonoids and the antioxidant properties (FRAP, DPPH and beta-Carotene bleaching) were quantified in each of theextracts and fractions. Of all the extracts obtained, the BE and AqE extracts showed the best antioxidant potential, meanwhile, none of the fractions obtained from the EAE extract show a relevant activity.


Los miembros de la familia Cyperaceae, tales como Cyperus alopecuroides, Cyperus articulatus, Cyperus scariosus y Cyperus rotundus poseen una cantidad significativa de estudios sobre sus actividades antioxidantes y otras propiedades. Sin embargo, la planta Cyperus digitatus perteneciente al género Cyperus carece de estudio de cualquier tipo de actividad intrínseca. Razón por la cual se estudió sus propiedades antioxidantes (FRAP, DPPH y blanqueamiento del beta-caroteno), cuantificación de contenido fenolico y flavonoides totales en extractos y fracciones obtenidos de los rizomas de Cyperus digitatus, y un perfil fitoquímico. De todos los extractos obtenidos, BE y AqE mostraron el mejor potencial antioxidante, por otra parte ninguna de las fracciones obtenidas a partir del extracto EAE mostro una actividad relevante.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Cyperus/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rhizome/chemistry , Biphenyl Compounds , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Ferrous Compounds , Phenols/analysis , Flavonoids/analysis , Oxidation-Reduction , Oxidative Stress , Chemistry Techniques, Analytical/methods
15.
Rev. biol. trop ; 62(supl.1): 329-342, feb. 2014. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: lil-753744

ABSTRACT

The ecotouristic approach to sharks and rays has developed rapidly in the last 20 years. We studied three species in Gorgona Island from 427 dives ( 2004-2011), including 866 photographs and videos. There was at least one sighting in 34.4% of the dives, and 25.0% of the photos and videos were useful for identification of individuals. T. obesus was seen in all months of the year, and its presence was correlated with depths of 20-30m (66.9%), sandy-rocky bottoms (79.8%), and western (61.2%) and south (52.9%) areas of the island. The southern area had groups of up to 9 individuals but abundance was not correlated with zone, depth, bottom type or temperature. R. typus and M. birostris were mainly seen at 28- 33oC, in the north, where plankton was more abundant. We identified individually five whale sharks, 15 manta rays and 38 whitetip sharks, 9 of which (one ray and 8 whitetip sharks) were recaptured in different months and years. Most of recaptured whitetip sharks were alone (63.06%), resting (49.37%) and on the bottom (82.91%) in the same area of the photographic capture, suggesting a high philopatry of this species on the island; however, the recapture of three individuals in different zones indicate connectivity between of this species in the west, south and north zones. The Gorgona Island is an important area for breeding and growth of T. obesus, with presence of gravid females and births. It is also a seasonal passage area for R. typus and M. birostris, which occur most frequently between March and September, but do not form aggregations around the island. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (Suppl. 1): 329-342. Epub 2014 February 01.


Se evaluó el uso de hábitat del aletiblanco Triaenodon obesus, la mantaraya Manta birostris y el tiburón ballena Rhincodon typus en la Isla Gorgona, a partir de 427 inmersiones de buceo y del análisis de 866 fotografías y videos. T. obesus se observó a lo largo del año, y su presencia se correlacionó con profundidades entre 20 y 30m (66.9%), fondos areno-rocosos (79.8%) y las zonas occidental (61.2%) y sur (52.9%), con mayores congregaciones en esta última zona. R. typus y M. birostris se avistaron entre 28 y 33oC y su presencia se correlacionó con la zona norte de la isla, área de mayor abundancia de zoo e ictioplancton. Se identificaron 5 tiburones ballena, 15 mantarrayas y 38 aletiblancos, 9 de los cuales fueron recapturados en años diferentes. La mayoría de los aletiblancos recapturados fueron observados solos, en reposo y sobre el fondo y en la misma zona, sugiriendo alta filopatría; sin embargo, la recaptura de tres individuos en zonas diferentes, indican conectividad de la especie en la isla. Gorgona es un área importante para la reproducción y crecimiento del aletiblanco, y un área de paso para el tiburón ballena y la mantarraya, los cuales se observan con mayor frecuencia entre marzo y septiembre, pero no forman agregaciones.


Subject(s)
Recreation , Sharks , Skates, Fish , Population Dynamics , Elasmobranchii/classification , Tourism , Colombia , Diving , Water Sports , Leisure Activities
16.
Salud pública Méx ; 55(6): 580-594, nov.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-705995

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Presentar los resultados de la carga de enfermedad en México de 1990 a 2010 para las principales enfermedades, lesiones y factores de riesgo, por sexo. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un análisis secundario del estudio de la carga mundial de la enfermedad 2010. Resultados. En 2010 se perdieron 26.2 millones de años de vida saludable (AVISA), 56% en hombres y 44% en mujeres. Las principales causas de AVISA en hombres fueron violencia, cardiopatía isquémica y los accidentes de tránsito. En las mujeres fueron la diabetes, la enfermedad renal crónica y la cardiopatía isquémica. Los trastornos mentales y musculoesqueléticos concentran 18% de la carga. Los factores de riesgo que más afectan a los hombres son sobrepeso/obesidad; niveles de glucosa en sangre y de presión arterial elevados; y el consumo de alcohol y tabaco (35.6% de AVISA perdidos). En las mujeres, el sobrepeso y la obesidad; glucosa elevada; hipertensión arterial; baja actividad física; y el consumo de alcohol y tabaco fueron responsables de 40% de los AVISA perdidos; en ambos sexos, la dieta contribuye con 12% de la carga. Conclusiones. El panorama epidemiológico en México demanda una urgente adecuación y modernización del sistema de salud.


Objective. To present the results of the burden of disease, injuries and risk factors in Mexico from 1990 to 2010 for the principal illnesses, injuries and risk factors by sex. Materials and methods. A secondary analysis of the study results published by the Global Burden of Disease 2010 for Mexico performed by IHME. Results. In 2010, Mexico lost 26.2 million of Disability adjusted live years (DALYs), 56 % were in male and 44 % in women. The main causes of DALYs in men are violence, ischemic heart disease and road traffic injuries. In the case of women the leading causes are diabetes, chronic kidney disease and ischemic heart diseases. The mental disorders and musculoskeletal conditions concentrate 18% of health lost. The risk factors that most affect men in Mexico are: alcohol consumption, overweight/obesity, high blood glucose levels and blood pressure and tobacco consumption (35.6 % of DALYs lost). In women, overweight and obesity, high blood sugar and blood pressure, lack of physical activity and consumption of alcohol are responsible for 40 % of DALYs lost. In both sexes the problems with diet contribute 12% of the burden. Conclusions. The epidemiological situation in Mexico, demands an urgent adaptation and modernization of the health system.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Cost of Illness , Delivery of Health Care , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Cause of Death , Disabled Persons , Life Expectancy , Mexico/epidemiology , Risk Factors
18.
Salud pública Méx ; 55(supl.2): S282-S288, 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-704807

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Construir un índice compuesto para medir la cobertura de atención continua durante el embarazo y el parto, e identificar la magnitud de las brechas entre distintas poblaciones de embarazadas en México. Material y métodos. Con información de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012, que incluyó a 5 766 mujeres, se construyó un índice de cobertura de atención continua (Cobac), integrando cinco indicadores de cobertura de intervenciones durante el embarazo, parto y puerperio. Resultados. Las residentes en área metropolitana, afiliadas a la seguridad social, tuvieron la mejor Cobac (0.879; IC95%:0.867-0.891). Menores índices de Cobac se encontraron en mujeres de área rural con menor nivel socioeconómico (NSE-I) (0.722; IC95%: 0.700-0.745), sin aseguramiento (0.735; IC95%: 0.700-0.770) y de condición indígena (0.759; IC95%: 0.7400.779). Conclusiones. La Cobac durante el embarazo y el parto presenta diferencias importantes al interior del país, identificándose áreas en donde hay que focalizar esfuerzos para avanzar hacia la cobertura universal de salud.


Objective. To develop a composite index for coverage of antenatal and delivery continuum of care, and use it to measure the gaps among different populations of pregnant women in Mexico. Materials and methods. Based in the information of 5 766 women from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012, a composite index of coverage of continuum of care (Cobac in spanish) was developed, integrating five interventions for antenatal, delivery, and puerperium periods. Results. Women living in metropolitan areas who were affiliated to social security had the best Cobac (0.879; IC95%:0.867-0.891); the worst were found in women living in rural areas, with the lower socio-economic level (NSE-I), (0.722; IC95%: 0.700-0.745), women without health insurance (0.735; IC95%: 0.700-0.770), and indigenous women (0.759; IC95%: 0.740-0.779). Conclusions. The Cobac during pregnancy and childbirth has important differences within the country, which allows for the identification of areas where we must focus efforts to move towards universal health coverage.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Continuity of Patient Care/statistics & numerical data , Delivery, Obstetric/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Perinatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mexico
19.
In. Galvão, Luiz Augusto C; Finkelman, Jacobo; Henao, Samuel. Determinantes ambientais e sociais da saúde. Rio de Janeiro, Opas; Editora Fiocruz, 2011. p.497-511, graf.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-756803
20.
In. Galvão, Luiz Augusto C; Finkelman, Jacobo; Henao, Samuel. Determinantes ambientais e sociais da saúde. Rio de Janeiro, Opas; Editora Fiocruz, 2011. p.513-534, graf.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-756804
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